Swot of Taobao

Business: Taobao online trading platform Strengths: 1. The leading individual trading online platform in Asia provided B2C and C2C e-commerce business model. 2. Create (Lead) a convenient and easy online shopping channel for consumer without using traditional retail channels. 3. Connect with a reliable payment method and online trading & paying system (Alipay ) 4. A well-known brand for online trading platform in business field that can attract businesses to join and be the alliance with Taobao. 5.Gather millions of domestic businesses, personal customers, global businesses and global customers (users) to trade and access to a variety of products and services (in a lower price) without constrains of time and distance. 6. Self-help system is promoted to make users have better personal trading place. 7. Strategies like 7-day/30-day Safety Guarantee for Shopping and Shipping/ Shopping Insurance, in Taobao build up customers’ confidence. 8. Rich human resources to have a better de velopment for the business.Weaknesses: 1. There are many counterfeit and pirated goods appeared in Taobao as the supervision is poor. It damages the confidence of the buyers who have bought the fake one while the sale of sellers who are selling genuine is also affected. 2. Credit evaluation system is not comprehensive with poor management while sellers can easily delete a bad comment or evaluation from users (or they can pay and hire someone to evaluate positive comments). It provides low reference values for users. 3.Without effective control, Thousands of online advertisement increased causes the falsity of the advertising also increased. 4. The trading models of Taobao are easily being copied. For example, the Group buying nowadays in Hong Kong was originally started in Taobao. 5. Businesses might withdraw from Taobao and to have their own trading and shopping platform/ they will distribute their resources in different online trading platform when they expand to a certain busines s scale. Then those businesses will become the competitor of Taobao. . Personal information leak may happen, including names, phone numbers and home addresses when businesses get all these information. 7. Taobao does not provide a natively English version for the platform. It limited its expansion in global market. Opportunities: 1. The increasing usage of the Internet and technology development helps the expansion of Taobao. 2. The smartphone technology increases the efficiency and convenience of online shopping and builds up an efficient network business culture.People are confident and motivated to buy more. 3. Government launched a lot of policies to standardize the operation and development of different industries. It indirectly provides an elastic and loose developing environment for online trading platform. 4. Different banking system corporates with Taobao (alipay) to launch different system to provide more services for online users, such as bills payment, insurance or auto paying expenses. 5. The growing economy in China encourages people’s consumption on online shopping platform.Threats: 1. Different competitors in Asia is following behind Taobao and sometimes that its position is threatened, such as QQ Mall, 360buy, Amazon. cn etc. 2. There are many new online paying platforms appeared to challenge the position of Alipay, such as Tenpay (by Tencent) , Baifubao (by Baidu) as they fail to corporate with some third parties (banks, insurance companies) . 3. The quality of different logistic service providers is uneven. There are many complaints about courier stealing goods/damaging goods from customers at Taobao.It will affect Taobao’s expansion until they build up their own systematic and uniform logistic system. 4. Government policy about e-commerce business model is not fully established. Existing law and regulations always fall behind to define the attribution of the burden of proof. It somehow causes online transaction disputes betwee n buyers and sellers. 5. Traditional shopping platform provide a direct way for customers to look, feel and touch with the product. A big market will still stick with traditional trading platform (like malls, markets or shops in real).

Law of associations partnerships Essay

Canny Gabriel Castle Advertising Pty Ltd & Anor v Volume Sales (Finance) Pty Ltd (1974) => this case suggests that the emphasis which is to be placed on the continuity of â€Å"business† is not heavy to a point of absolute decision. Our conclusion that the joint venture was a partnership, from which the parties anticipated profits and provided that the advance by Volume Sales to the ‘joint venture’ should be a first charge upon profits and that upon the repayment of such sum the profits should be divided equally, rests upon the following considerations: 1. the parties became joint venturers in a commercial enterprise with a view to profit; 2. profits were to be shared (see Partnership Act 1892 as amended (NSW) s 2(3)); 3. the policy of the joint venture was a matter for joint agreement and it was provided that differences relating to the affairs of the joint venture should be settled by arbitration (see cll 7 and 9); 4. an assignment of a half interest in the contracts for the appearances of Cilla Black and Elton John was attempted, although, we would have thought, unsuccessfully; 5. the parties were concerned with the financial stability of one another in a way which is common with partners †¦ carrying on†- what does that mean? Smith v Anderson (1880) ? tells us it involves the repetition of an act. => An ordinary partnership is a partnership composed of definite individuals bound together by contract between themselves to continue combined for some joint object, either during pleasure or during a limited time, and is essentially composed of the persons originally entering into the contract with one another. What if we do NOT have repetition? Is there carrying on of a business? No. for fairness reasons the Re Griffin Ex parte Board of Trade (1890) 1 undertaking can actually lead to a partnership? United Dominions Corporation Ltd v Brian Pty Ltd and Others (1985)? evolution In Common It is not necessary, in order for a business to be carried on in common, that all of the alleged partners actively participate in the day to day management of the firm’s business. All that is necessary, in the above context, is for the firm’s business to be carried on either by or on behalf of all of the persons who are alleged to be partners. An important consideration in this respect is whether there are mutual rights and obligations between those on whose behalf the business is being conducted. Legislation – Section 1 of the Partnership Act 1892 (NSW) provides that : (1) Partnership is the relation which exists between persons carrying on a business in common with a view of profit and includes an incorporated limited partnership. If the definition in s 1 of the Partnership Act 1892 (NSW) is satisfied then the law of partnership may apply. If a partnership is not proved it may be possible to apply other principles of trust or equity to the fact scenario. Cases Smith v Anderson 1880 => Investment case $100 for 90$ and the share holders do not know of the other people purchasing. Hence no partnership. Lack of common interest. Lang v James Morrison & Co Ltd (1911) => The High Court upheld the appeal, finding that there was no partnership. Chief Justice Griffith observed that:[T]he real substance of the transaction was that the plaintiffs and Thomas McFarland agreed to enter into a joint venture. They were not partners as against third parties, but each party had certain rights against each other. Separate bank accounts where kept Must have an element of principle and agent right- did not exist. Fiduciary duty is important View of Profit This element requires that the association must have as its object the acquisition of financial or pecuniary gains for its members. By way of contrast, in Wise v Perpetual Trustee Co Ltd (1903) AC 139, Lord Lindley noted that, in unincorporated voluntary associations, the intended gain is not for the individual members. Legislation – Section 1 of the Partnership Act 1892 (NSW) provides that : (1) Partnership is the relation which exists between persons carrying on a business in common with a view of profit and includes an incorporated limited partnership. If the definition in s 1 of the Partnership Act 1892 (NSW) is satisfied then the law of partnership may apply. If a partnership is not proved it may be possible to apply other principles of trust or equity to the fact scenario. Cases Bova v Avati (2009) – Truth And substance of the arrangement – Wilkshire, ex parte Delihasse. The law from this is? The court decided they where of partner even though †¦.? ARE THE FACTS COMPLETE? Are they in a partnership? Presumably yes. â€Å" DELIHASSE† quick finance has a lot of control despite the fact they do not share losses – the rules from S 2 SS3 are rebuttable due to delhasse. STATUTORY RULES Rule 1: co-ownership S 2(1) The holding of property jointly as co-owners will not of itself create a partnership as demonstrated in Keith Spicer Ltd v Mansell [1970]. Facts: two individuals purchased a premises upon which they hoped to establish a restaurant. They intended to form a company for this purpose. -Prior to this formation, furniture was purchased by X for from a third party and was not paid for, so the third party then wanted to sue Y on the basis that it was in a partnership with X. – The court said there was no partnership as X and Y were not carrying on business in common but were preparing to do so as a company. – Acts carried out in contemplation of a business being undertaken in the future did not point to a partnership. Further, the holding of property jointly did not change things. Rule 2: Sharing of gross returns S 2 (2) the sharing of gross profit will not be enough to create a partnership. This is demonstrated in Cribb v Korn (1911): Facts: Korn was employed as a rural worker by a landowner. The landowner entered into an agreement with Cribb under which the landowner had the exclusive use and occupation of a certain area of Cribb’s land. – As part of the agreement, Cribb would provide machinery and stock and the landowner would pay Cribb half the proceeds of sale of the produce of the land and stock, whenever this occurred. – Korn was injured while working and claimed worker’s compensation from Cribb on the basis that Cribb and the landowner were partners. – HELD: HC said there was no partnership, it was a mere tenancy. As the landowner had exclusive rights to occupy the land and Cribb had no right to direct or control the landowner’s working of the land, there could be no partnership but merely a tenancy. Further, the sharing of gross returns was not enough to establish a partnership, but merely constituted a rent. Rule 3: Profit and loss sharing S 2 (3) The difficulty in the interpretation of this subsection lies in its use of the expression ‘prima face’ to qualify evidence. It would seem that the fact of a profit-sharing scheme is admissible in evidence as to the existence of a partnership, but that fact by itself is not enough to draw the inference that there was a partnership: Television Broadcasters Ltd v Ashtons Nominees Pty Ltd (1979). In Cox v Hickman (1880), Cox and Wheatcroft were getting a share of the profit as creditors but were not found to be partners. According to Wightman J at 443: â€Å"it is said that a person who shares in net profits is a partner; that may be so in some cases, but not in all; and it may be material to consider in what sense the words ‘sharing in the profit’ are used. In the present case, I greatly doubt whether the creditor, who merely obtains payment of a debt, and no more, out of the profits of the business, can be said to share the profits. † The general rule is: Section 2(3)(a) of the PA provides 5 cases where the presumption that it is a partnership does not arise: 5 exceptions S. 4 –Firm definition – partnerships that has not been incorporated S. 5 (1) – Every partner within a partnership (excluding limited partnerships) has the right to represent the other partners for the purpose of the business as an agent UNLESS, they have no authority, or the person being dealt with believes they are not a partner. 5 (2) – General partner has the same power over general partners in a limited partnership unless (a) they have no actual authority to act; (b) If the person dealing with the GP knows that he has no authority, or does not believe them. S. 6 (1) S. 7 – Is for the case where if there is a use of credit for private reasons (1) if a partner does so it does not bind the firm unless he has special authorisation; (2) This same principle applies to General Managers. s. 8 – If there is a contract between partners set up saying that there is a limited authorisation or restriction and it is breached then it is not binding. (1) partner (2) incorporated limited partnership S. 9 – Liability of a partner. Every partner in firm is jointly liable with the other partners for all debts and obligations incurred while the partner is a partner. (2) general partner; (3) despite (2) a general partner wont be liabe because of (a) & (b). S. 10 – (1)

Describe the effects of the Blitz in Everyday life in Britain

By 1940, Britain had seen the face of war through the Blitz. Devouring everything, Hitler's Luftwaffe were relentless as they launched raids after merciless raids. Loved ones died, friends suffered, rationing ravaged the lands and there was the constant fear of death at every turn at every corner. No one was safe, not even The Royal family when they moved to Coventry. The reminder of war and a reality that they could not escape haunted the people as some died of severe fatigue. Morale was low, with death possible by a number of means and the quality of life alien to what people were used to, the Blitz was the most effective weapon against the Britons. The era of 1940-41 saw the focus of attacks on London as well as some other cities. Parts of these places were described as being razed. With thousands of homeless strangers wandering for shelter, and with virtually no finance, these houses stayed as rubble. Even people with homes could not stop to wander what they would do when they were without. Homelessness was just one of the problems, death being the other major factor. There could be many possible means of dying. Shrapnel wounds, extreme exhaustion, being buried alive under the rubble the list is endless. Even in their subterranean cellars, people could die of flooding. Throughout the war there wasn't even a bomb shelter designed to take full impact from a bomb. The few places which provided full shelter from the bombing, the underground railways for example, proved too costly for the Brits. The Blitz's ruthless aggression took all and any victims, women and children took large percentages of the death toll. Schools, entertainment facilities and even churches were targeted. The population's moral was low, women feared for their husbands and sons abroad and dreaded for their children on the home front. Children were targeted by the bombing of schools and education, in theory this would prove an excellent tactic for the Germans as the children were the future of Britain, thus with a lack of education the British army would weaken. Furthermore, with entertainment facilities being bombed, morale would dip to its lowest for it was one of the only things which could relieve the Britons minds. Not even churches were safe, the people had no one to turn to. With scarcity of faith and society in an anarchy they did want to be in, one wonders how the people coped with the devastation the Blitz brought. The first attack on Britain by Hitler's Luftwaffe brought the start of a fifty seven day consecutive bombing. Around three hundred German bombers set out to destroy London. The Royal Air Force had a demanding task set against them as they were heavily outnumbered and could not replace the amount of planes falling from the skies. Women on the home front were expected to work overtime without extra pay. The arduous labour they had undergone brought them severe fatigue and when they finished work and went home, if it was still standing, the air raid sirens and blackout would not help them to get any rest. The life of a commoner during the Blitz was no easy one. With friends and family dying abroad as well as on the home front life would have been torment. Huge amounts of stress and pressure would be exerted on those working in factories, urged to work overtime and for little pay. Death could be met at any and every corner, a bomb blast could lead to a number of painful deaths. Rationing was enforced due to the bombing of major ports such as in Portsmouth. As well as the fact that entertainment was also targeted, life was made worse for the Brits as they had nowhere to turn to in order to relieve their pain and sorrow. Life during the Blitz was strenuous due to all these factors, yet probably the worst devastation the Blitz had brought was how the inhabitants could not talk about their problems as it may have revealed positions to spies. One must applaud those who survived the Blitz and all they went through for it is hard to live when there is nothing to live for.

Intuition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Intuition - Essay Example It is much easier to apply intuition if you know already some peculiarities of a person or situation you should deal with. For instance, you may have to tell something unpleasant to your younger sister or brother, but this are the news that may affect him/her negatively. What to do in this case? As a rule, you think over the best moment that will be the most suitable for sharing the information you need. You may select a quite place to do that. How can you know that this very time and place will be the best ones in this situation? No doubts, it is your intuition that helps you to make the right decision. However, it is necessary to remember that your brother or sister may have another intuition, as in Dan Ariely’s examples about nurses. That is why you should learn more about his/her intuition in order not to make a mistake. It should be noted that the situation about bandages experienced by Dan Ariely explains a lot of things concerning intuition and its importance. It turns out that it is necessary to test and practice intuition. Moreover, if one’s profession is closely connected with communication, one should take into account other people’ intuitions as well. This will help to understand their feelings and improve the process of working with people. It is known that Dan Ariely has very poor attitude towards the nurses from the hospital he was treated at. If they just tried to understand his feelings and use his intuition, the process of recovery would not last so long and there would be only positive feedbacks from Dan Ariely. Unfortunately, people working with people seldom resort to the use of their intuition. In the majority of cases they just do not have enough time for that. For example, those nurses were expected to spend only an hour to change the bandages. This action caused much pain to their patients. The nurses had problems with their intuition without even knowing this fact. This example demonstrates the consequences when pe ople do not want to test and improve their own intuition. However, this would help to understand others and their needs. It is necessary to stress that, of course, the patient with burned body knows better how to take of the bandages with less pain. There are several possible ways to distinguish intuition. For example, this word is translated as ‘to look at’ from Latin. So, intuition means looking at some situation or problem in detail with the help of one’s inner feelings. It is necessary to stress that intuition really helps people to live an easier life. Our inner man knows better what we need to do in certain situations. Thus, in the majority of cases it is not conscience but intuition that makes us apologize for some words or actions. Our inner man feels that the person you respect may be offended by the above-mentioned things. You feel that if you do not apologize, this will be the end of friendship or love. It means that if people listened to their intuiti ons more often, there would be fewer divorces in families and misunderstanding among people. Resorting to the use of intuition will help people to economize much time and effort on doing a lot of things. If one uses intuition in order to handle some problem, he/she does not need to spend sleepless nights in order to select the best way to solve the problem. Intuition gives an opportunity to make fast decisions and not to

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 29

Case study - Essay Example Human genome is responsible for carrying hereditary information. In human, the structure is known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The structure carries all the human genes. There are four chemical bases found in the DNA (EDinformatics 1999). They include adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) (EDinformatics 1999). Covalent bonds of phosphodiester join the bases together (Makalowski 2001). The bond helps in alignment of bases in specific pairs. Moreover, the structure exhibits a double helical organization. The organization is because of hydrogen bonding between the base pairs (EDinformatics 1999). The hydrogen bond helps in linkage of one complementary strand to the other (EDinformatics 1999). In human, the human genome is stored on 23 pair’s chromosomes (EDinformatics 1999). In these pairs, 22 are autosomal chromosome pairs while the rest is involved in determining sex (EDinformatics 1999). In human, there is a way in which genes are arranged in a genome. For example, they may be in the same (tail to the head) or opposite orientation (head to the head or tail to tail) (Makalowski 2001). The majority of human genomes account for non-exonic sequences (Makalowski 2001). However, a number of genes occupy the same genomic space. In addition, there is a tremendous difference in the human genome. Scientists have shown the difference to be occurring in millions of locations. In these locations, the single base DNA differences (SNPs) takes place in human (EDinformatics 1999). The resulting variation has led to exploitation by various researchers on the use in health screening. On the other hand, there has been interest in human mitochondrial genome (EDinformatics 1999). The genome has been shown to play a significant role in mitochondrial diseases (EDinformatics 1999). The understanding of genetic variation has an immense implication on the field of medicine. In fact, it has generated a vast potential in understanding and promoting

Health epidemiology & statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health epidemiology & statistics - Essay Example The city of Houston is situated on the Galveston bay in the eastern part of Texas. It is in close proximity to the Texas Gulf Coast and it takes about 2 hours to reach the border between Texas and Louisiana from the city. Unofficially, it is popularly known as the â€Å"Bayou city† since it has four bayous running through it. The official nickname of the city is â€Å"Space city†. This title is derived from the fact that it is home to Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center of NASA. This is place that contains the location of mission control. It has one of the busiest ports; the port of Houston. The place is additionally well known for its energy or oil or its many industries that deal with aeronautics. One of the most renowned medical centers is also located in Houston (Olien & Olien, 2002). The region has many housings and zonings. These are found along the main road, where there are plenty of apartment complexes. These are built using modern ideas and are mainly gated. Although others houses appear to have been built in the 1980s, there are others that were recently constructed with most of them having the average length of about 3 to 4 levels. There is a mix of the old houses and the new houses that are located within each other. They come in a wide historical range from historical to modern with some of them being older and neglected while others are modern and sophisticated. Besides these, there are also numerous healthcare institutions. The area around Houston in Texas is largely an open space. However, it does not provide adequate fresh air since it is occupied by commercial buildings and residents. It is also surrounded by a number of parks. These include trailing parks, playgrounds, and basketball courts, which are open for use by the public as well as the dog owners. The bayou is surrounded by plenty of green grass and many trees. The neighborhood in this region has boundaries made of highways. The main mode of transport is by car though there

The cause of civil war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The cause of civil war - Essay Example Generally the northerners and southerners had totally conflicting outlooks and values. The south was rich in agriculture and agricultural related output while the north was more of an industrial hub. The north was also a cosmopolitan area in both religion and nationalities (Hewitt and Lawson 104). The north was not willing to tolerate slave and slavery actions of the south states and undertook measures such as starting the abolitionist movement that aimed at ending slavery across America. The south was angered by northerners’ actions and values of protecting escaping slaves and wanted to impose the rights of states to own slaves (Hewitt and Lawson 111). Slavery among other factors made America to reach the great American tragedy since 1861, slavery was a state’s rights, and provided for in the state laws. By 1860, cracks were clear in the American society and it was no longer a homogeneous society, but instead one that had different outlooks and different values. This was vitalized by the emergence of the north and the southern divides that formed the two sides of the war (Hewitt and Lawson 173) Economically, the use of slaves in cotton plantations by the south states and northern abolitionist movements created tensions between the south and north. Four out ten people in 1860 were slaves providing labor force to the rich agricultural south and this formed the strong foundation of the southern economy (Hewitt and Lawson 165). All southerners viewed any attempt by the federal government to control the rights of slave owners as a catastrophic threat to the southern economic system. The northern merchants benefitted from the demands of the south for shipping the cheaply produced cotton abroad and the southerners also benefitted from the imports of consumption goods by the northerners (Hewitt and Lawson 133). Politically, the north and south read from different scripts with the

MARKETING ASSINGMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MARKETING ASSINGMENT - Essay Example Generally, most of the people blindly rush after various fashion brands only because of their influential names and the profound elite type aura of the different products that is mostly only superficial. Apparently, consumers find out the reality of such products only after they personally experience them and learn that whatever shines is not always gold. According to Kyle (2010), classic and sophisticated, Dior products will never go out of fashion since it adapts to changing styles. In my opinion, the case with Dior is completely different when it comes to matching class and quality of work with the fame of the brand name. I have never been disappointed by any of its products, be it fragrances or clothes or beauty products. The way almost every single product is perfectly manufactured and then superiorly advertised in the market after completion, is way too remarkable and obvious to ignore. The hallmark of Dior is that one is simply captivated by the mesmerizing spell of the many perfumes and clothing lines one can easily find in the market. Summing up, I would like to say that appropriately and flawlessly matching class with fame can never be classified as a trifle job and this is what Dior is all

Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic Growth - Essay Example Other countries like the US have been fortunate to have a series of good leaders to take the country to the apogee of technological advancement and economic growth where they are today. History provides many examples of such countries and their leaders that have played a fundamental role in their economic growth and have brought a radical change in the nations’ fortunes. The decade following the new millennium’s turn is marked by the BRICS countries’ emergence and economic empowerment. These countries include â€Å"Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa—which have come to account for a significant share of economic growth, demand expansion, industrial production and wealth creation in today’s world† (â€Å"Structural Change, Poverty† III). These regional economic powers’ success in the achievement of sustained growth of economy serves as a point of reference for other developing countries to emulate as wel l as for the advanced counrties to regain the dynamism of economy. The pace of a country’s economic growth can be better explained by the policy choices of its leaders than underlying structural conditions, and China provides a potential example of that. ... The three phases are discussed as follows: Rule taking phase China’s leaders have been very cautious in litigation of WTO since the country’s accession in 2006. Owing to its lack of familiarity with WTO’s legal rules in the capacity of a newcomer, China placed emphasis upon grabbing the rules rather than winning any disputes. Aimed at avoiding litigation, the Chinese leaders would settle the disputes with the complainants immediately after the cases were filed even if they were capable of using good arguments to defend their position. An example of this is the settlement of the dispute within four months when in March 2004, the US wanted to consult about a matter involving value-added tax’s rebate over integrated circuits (Gao). Likewise, the government of China announced to scrap the Duties of Anti-dumping within three days of the complaint raised by the US about China’s lack of consistence with the Anti-dumping Agreement in the case of Kraft Liner board in the year 2005 (Nakagawa 48). China’s eagerness to settle the disputes and flexibility of attitude reflect the country’s presence in the rule taking phase in the start of the 21st century. Rule shaking phase Chinese leaders resolved to develop a better understanding of the dispute settlement process by actively participating as a third party in real WTO cases. For instance, China was present as a third party in nearly every panel between 2003 and 2006 (Birkbeck 168). The improved confidence reflects from the answer of Bo Xilai, the Minister of MOFCOM when he was asked if there was any intention of complaining against the countries that were limiting the textile exports of China in the WTO, â€Å"First, China has the right to

Pure Strategy Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pure Strategy - Math Problem Example Player A would prefer to have the largest value possible from those highlighted. In the diagram this can be seen to occur when the line V = 2 + 7X intersects with V= 6 - 3X which occurs at the point as determined below. Value of the game is as follows. The minimax criteria is to maximise the minimum values. To find the solution for B's strategy we need to identify and solve the 2 by 2 pay-off matrix associated with A's optimal strategy. In this case that will be the columns associated with the lines V= 2 + 7X and V= 6 - 3X. Hence 3 9 6 2 Q3. a) Solution: The transformation is as follows. Total Number of audience = 10000000 Total audience size as a pair in each matrix element = 100000 Total value of a pair in each matrix element = 10000000/100000 = 100 Subtracting half the total value of a pair as computed above from each element of the payoff matrix defined in the question. Half the total value = 50 Payoff Matrix SkyCast Historical Drama Comedy Contemporary Drama Variety Mini Series 60 - 50 58 - 50 49 - 50 52 - 50 RayTV Detective 55 - 50 52 - 50 54 - 50 59 - 50 Film 55 - 50 54 - 50 47 - 50 55 - 50 Variety 47 - 50 54 - 50 56 - 50 61 - 50 Transformed Matrix: SkyCast Historical Drama Comedy Contemporary Drama Variety Mini Series 10 8 -1 2 RayTV Detective 5 2 4 9 Film 5 4 -3 5 Variety -3 4 6 11 b) Solution: SkyCast Historical Drama Comedy Contemporary Drama Variety Mini Series 10 8 -1 2 RayTV Detective 5 2 4 9 Film 5 4 -3 5 Variety -3 4 6 11 Comparing fourth column with the third column 2 > -1, 9 > 4, 5 > -3...In the diagram this can be seen to occur when the line V = 2 + 7X intersects with V= 6 - 3X which occurs at the point as determined below. The minimax criteria is to maximise the minimum values. To find the solution for B's strategy we need to identify and solve the 2 by 2 pay-off matrix associated with A's optimal strategy. In this case that will be the columns associated with the lines V= 2 + 7X and V= 6 - 3X. Hence The value decides the type of the show to be put out in order to maximise the ratings over the coming TV season. The value against Detective has more gain (approximately 3.33) and hence it has to be put out in order to maximise the ratings.

In and Out of Hula Dancing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

In and Out of Hula Dancing - Coursework Example The research deals with the change in kind of tradition or heritage that accompanies dance hula or its form or course of presentation in the countries where missionaries and Mormon belief faded slowly. It also delves deep if hula dancing is associated in the present context only with any form of exercise or if the traditional element is still existent in the art form. The name ‘Hula Dance’ is associated with girls wearing a short grass skirt, moonlit night and coconut trees on a shore where the roaring waves strike the shore and dance to the beats of this mighty dance. But far beyond that hula dancing, its concept and its traditional outlook, is analogous to what Cohen said about dancing: â€Å"History shows the dancer his heritage, his place in a line of distinguished, artistic ancestors. It is a legacy to instill a sense of pride -and responsibility†. The contention put forwarded by Cohen describes the sense which captures the true essence of the art form. In recent times outlook about hula dancing have changed a lot. Every year thousands of tourists are visiting Hawaii get the privilege to watch â€Å"real Hawaiian hula dancing† through a packaged tour with a Luau setting or in their respective hotels where they are given a glimpse of the gigantic heritage. The introduction to hula dancing is made common now – a -days through numerous competitions taking place worldwide, precisely in Hawaii. Yet, hula is viewed to be beneficial and the dance form is marked for its exercise benefits. The question that rises in one’s mind is if hula dancing is only an exotic form of dance which will be used to allure the tourists. To understand any form of folk tradition or art, it becomes necessary to delve deep into the heritage and the traditional way of living. Hula dancing cannot be merely categorized into a form of folk d ance that is tantalized with certain movements especially the hip movements even though they are the most popular. The movements that has perpetually served to entertain millions across the globe and has become the archetype of exotic and exuberance, actually conveys a complete different connotation. The movements that are used in hula dancing are not only carried out just for the sake of it. Those movements bear meanings that need to be thoroughly contemplated. The movement of this traditional dance form are actually casted out to make an artistry that inspires passion and encourage a traditional way of living.  Ã‚  

Fast food restaurant Essay Example for Free

Fast food restaurant Essay Introduction: Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly. While any meal with low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with low quality preparation and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away. History: The concept of ready-cooked food for sale is closely connected with urban development. In ancient Rome cities had street stands that sold bread and wine. A fixture of East Asian cities is the noodle shop. Flatbread and falafel are today ubiquitous in the Middle East. Popular Indian fast food dishes include vada pav, panipuri and dahi vada. In the French-speaking nations of West Africa, roadside stands in and around the larger cities continue to Sell—as they have done for generations—a range of ready-to-eat, char grilled. Meat sticks known locally as brochettes. Market size and major players †¢Dominated by McDonalds having as many as 123 outlets. †¢Domino’s pizza is present in around 274 locations. †¢Pizza hut is also catching up and it has planned to establish 147 outlets at the end of 2009. †¢Subways have established around 145 outlets. †¢Nirula’s is established in Delhi and Northern India. However, it claims to cater 50,000 guests every day. It has future expansion plans for more than 50 outlets every year, for next three years. Major players in fast food †¢McDonalds 132 outlets †¢KFC 72 outlets †¢Pizza hut 147 outlets †¢Dominos Pizza 274 outlets †¢Cafe Coffee Day 833 outlets †¢Barista 200 outlets Fast food contains high amount of †¢Calories †¢Saturated Fat †¢Carbohydrates †¢Sugar †¢Sodium †¢Proteins Why do people eat it? ?Quick and Easy ?Tastes good ?Provides satiety and comfort? It’s everywhere Dual Income families ?Work day-away from home ?Shifts in Traditional Food habits ?High income urban dwellers ?Variety of choice of foods ?Home delivery, take-away restaurants, American chains INDIA EMERGING MARKET FOR GLOBAL PLAYERS The percentage share held by foodservice of total consumer expenditure on food has increased from a very low base drastically. Eating at home remains very much ingrained in Indian culture and changes in eating habits are very slow moving with barriers to eating out entrenched in certain sectors of Indian society. The growth in nuclear families, particularly in urban India has decreased drastically. India, exposure to global media and Western cuisine and an increasing number of women joining the workforce have had an impact on eating out trends. Major players of fast food in India †¢ Mc Donalds †¢ KFC †¢ Pizza hut †¢ Dominos Pizza †¢ Coffee day †¢ Barista Kentucky Fried Chicken About the Company KFC Corporation, or KFC, founded and also known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is a chain of fast food restaurants based in Louisville, Kentucky. KFC is a brand and operating segment, called a concept of Yum! Brands since 1997 when that company was spun off from PepsiCo as Tricon Global Restaurants Inc. KFC primarily sells chicken in form of pieces, wraps, salads and sandwiches. While its primary focus is fried chicken, KFC also offers a line of roasted chicken products, side dishes and desserts. Outside North America, KFC offers beef based products such as hamburgers or kebabs, pork based products such as ribs and other regional fare. The company was founded as Kentucky Fried Chicken by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952, Menu items. KFCs specialty is fried chicken served in various forms. KFCs primary product is pressure-fried pieces of chicken made with original recipe. The other chicken offering, extra crispy, is made using a garlic marinade and double dipping the chicken in flour before deep frying in a standard industrial kitchen type machine. Kentucky Grilled Chicken This marinated grilled chicken is targeted towards health-conscious customers. It features marinated breasts, thighs, drumsticks,and wings that are coated with the Original Recipe seasonings before being grilled. It has less fat, calories, and sodium than the Original Recipe fried chicken. Nutritional value KFC formerly used partially hydrogenated oil in its fried foods. This oil contains relatively high levels of trans fat, which increases the risk of heart disease. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) filed a court case against KFC, with the aim of making it use other types of oils or make sure customers know about Trans fat content immediately before they buy food. Advertising One of KFCs latest advertisements is a commercial advertising its wicked crunch box meal. The commercial features a fictional black metal band called Hellvetica performing live, the lead singer then swallows fire. The commercial then shows the lead singer at a KFC eating the wicked crunch box meal and saying Oh man that is hot. In 2007, the original, non-acronymic Kentucky Fried Chicken name was resurrected and began to reappear on company marketing literature and food packaging, as well as some restaurant signage. KFC Business Strategy KFC fast-food chains are currently under the restaurant division of PepsiCo Incorporated. Some major threats include the changing attitudes of society toward healthier eating habits, KFC has more than 9,800 outlets located in 77 countries. In marketing, KFC restaurants are not restricted from locating within close proximity of other KFC restaurants. There are two alternative strategies for KFC. The first strategy involves keeping PepsiCo beverage division and snack foods division together, and a divestiture of PepsiCo restaurant division; selling Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, and KFC. MC Donald’s About the company: McDonalds is the leading global foodservice retailer with more than 31,000 local restaurants serving more than 58 million people in 118 countries each day. More than 75% of McDonalds restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent local men and women. The strong foundation that he built continues today with McDonalds vision and the commitment of our talented executives to keep the shine on McDonalds Arches for years to come. To read more about McDonalds history, vision and executives, click on their links in the left menu. We drive our business momentum by focusing on what matters most to customers. Our owner/operators, suppliers and employees work together to meet customer needs in uniquely McDonalds ways. The powerful combination of entrepreneurial spirit and System wide alignment around our Plan to Win enables us to execute the best ideas with both large-scale efficiency and local flair. Products McDonalds predominantly sells hamburgers, various types of chicken sandwiches and products, French fries, soft drinks, breakfast items,and desserts. In most markets, McDonalds offers salads and vegetarian items, wraps and other localized fare. Portugal is the only country with McDonalds restaurants serving soup. This local deviation from the standard menu is a characteristic for which the chain is particularly known, and one which is employed either to abide by regional food taboos (such as the religious prohibition of beef consumption in India) or to make available foods with which the regional market is more familiar (such as the sale of McRice in Indonesia). Advertising. McDonalds has for decades maintained an extensive advertising campaign. In addition to the usual media (television, radio, and newspaper), the company makes significant use of billboards and signage, sponsors sporting events ranging from Little League to the Olympic Games, and makes coolers of orange drink with their logo available for local events of all kinds. Nonetheless, television has always played a central role in the companys advertising strategy. To date, McDonalds has used 23 different slogans in United States advertising, as well as a few other slogans for select countries and regions. At times, it has run into trouble with its campaigns. PROBLEMS OF INDUSTRY I. Environmental friendly products cost high: Government is legislating laws in order to keep check on the fast food industry and it is emphasizing more on the usage of bio-degradable and environment friendly products. But associated with this issue is the problem that fast food player faces the cost associated with the environment friendly product. They cost much higher than the normal products that companies uses for packaging or wrapping their products. II. Balance between societal expectation and companies economic Objectives: To balance a society’s expectation regarding environment with the economic burden of protecting the environment. Thus, one can see that one side pushes for higher standards and other side tries to beat the standard back, thereby making it a arm wrestling and mind boggling exercise. Health related issues: obesity I. Studies have shown that a typical fast food has very high density and food with high density causes people to eat more then they usually need. II. Low calories food: Emphasis is now more on low calorie food. In this line McDonald has a plan to introduce all white meat chicken. Mcnuugget is with less fat and fewer calories. Swot analysis of fast food industry Strengths †¢Quick service †¢Affordable †¢AttractionWeakness †¢Different preferences †¢Lack of customization †¢Unhygienic and unhealthy Opportunities †¢Growing nuclear families †¢Growing urban lifestyleThreats †¢Oppositions from various organization †¢Location †¢Ready-to eat †¢Health concerns ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION 1. How often do you use fast-food services? a. Daily b. Weekly c. Fortnightly d. Monthly 2. Which fast food restaurant would prefer? a. McDonalds b. KFC c. Pizza Hut d. Subway 3. What are the reasons for eating fast food? (You can tick more than 1) a. Appearance of products b. Price of the products c. Flavor of products d. Convenience of the products 4. What else do you buy when purchasing fast food’? a. Carbonated (fizzy) drinks b. Coffee, tea c. Ice cream d. Crushers 5. What time would you normally buy fast food? a. Before 12 pm b. Between 12-3 pm c. Between 6-9 pm d. 10pm or later.

The First Great Debate Challenges To Realism Politics Essay

The First Great Debate Challenges To Realism Politics Essay The subject matter of International Relations as a branch of political science can be defined in different ways. As in most social science disciplines there is no scientific consensus on the field and thus the definition we adopt would be conventional and reflect a particular account of the world.  [1]  Since there is no common definition of international relations, there exist multiple theories explaining the principles of interplay of what each of them consider being main actors would it be states, non-state institutions or classes. C. Brown and K. Ainley argue that there are no right or wrong theories as all have political implications, therefore, the pluralism of contesting theories each presenting different perspective should be preserved.  [2]   The aim of this essay is to examine the work by Ole R. Holsti  [3]  Theories of International Relations and critically address the arguments he presents. In the course of this essay I will briefly summarize authors description of state of affairs in international relations theories complementing it with personal interpretation. Holsti assumes the main aim of his essay is to contribute to exchange of ideas between political scientists and diplomatic historians.  [4]  The text addresses diplomatic historians to introduce them theoretical approaches used by political scientists. Author describes the first great debate on theories of international relations namely challenges presented by different groups of models to classical and modern realism.  [5]  He classifies theories that challenge realist concepts on system level into three groups: Global Society/Complex-Interdependence/Liberal-Institutionalism, Marxist/World System/Dependency and constructivism, neglecting differences inside these groups to emphasize main differences between theoretical perspectives.  [6]  He also examines several decision-making models that go beyond structural analysis of international relations focusing on political processes inside the units of the system.  [7]   The Great Debate In this chapter I am going to summarize five major arguments of realist theories from classical to neo-realism described by Holsti and their critics by other international relations theories on systemic and decision-making levels. Although it might seem very simplistic, if one could generalize the five points of classical realist theory described by Holsti  [8]  into one sentence, the result might be the following: Sovereign states as main units of the anarchical international system act as unitary rational actors to achieve security through involvement into war and peace based on relative capabilities. In the first place, Holsti states that classical realists consider as central questions the causes of war and the conditions of peace  [9]  , arising from the structural anarchy of the international system, meaning that there is no higher authority above states to settle conflicts. This kind of structural organization of the international system gives rise to the security dilemma that is attempts to reach absolute security by one state is in direct proportion to insecurity of all other parts of the system.  [10]   Each of the five points made by classical realists were further developed and complemented by modern realist or neo-realists, namely K. Waltz and later R. Gilpin, but equally they all seem to hold numerous controversies. At first glance, it appears to be that the assumption of rationality of states is based on, I would argue irrational by itself pessimistic concept of human nature would it be secular or religious.  [11]  Moreover, the whole approach to explanation of international relations in terms of military struggle for security (can easily be substituted by superiority) against all other states may lead to a conclusion that there is constantly a world war all against all. Fortunately however this is not the case. Furthermore, Holsti points that Robert Gilpin developed the argument that international system is in a state of equilibrium if no state believes that it is profitable to attempt to change it.  [12]  Therefore, it appears to be that the question of engagement in a war is defined solely by mathematic correlation between costs and benefits. Would this neo-realist assumption be true, the most powerful states would have been involved in constant expansion until one of them achieves an empire comprising the entire world. The aforementioned controversies of the realist theories show us that there should be more complex motivation in the relations between actors in international relations. Apart from the involvement in war or peace, states are likely to cooperate on a number of issues like trade, science, education, migration, environmental challenges etc. Even the most powerful states are currently unable to cope with some issues that are cross-border like terrorism or spread of epidemic diseases.  [13]  The increasing interdependence of states and growing influence of non-state actors like NGOs, transnational corporations and international organizations in contrast to decline of the nation-state are the main arguments of the group of theories labeled by Holsti as Global Society/Complex-Interdependence/Liberal Institutionalism. State remains the point of departure for these theories, but the views on its future role vary from acknowledgment that state is a major source of change in the internation al system to its irreversible decline.  [14]   Despite encompassing broader range of motivations, except war and peace that determine international relations, the latter group of theories presents just another perspective with its limitations and inability to explain certain tendencies currently taking place in the world. Together with integration processes and interdependence, we can observe rise of nationalism and disintegration in different parts of the world, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe. Marxism/World Systems/Dependency together with post-modernist theories are rare cases where Holsti expresses his own standpoint apart from impartial description of previous groups of theories, using satirical remarks.  [15]  Holsti describes the arguments of this group of theories very shortly. Marxism/World Systems/Dependency theories consider as determining factor of international relations the mode of production and inequality inside the world capitalist system. According to M/WS/D models, the role of state is secondary in relation to classes. On condition that one accepts Marxist paradigm and his interpretation of capitalism, the explanation of international relations based on exploitation within one world capitalist economy seem convincing. The system cannot be anarchical, if one of the parties depends on other. However, at least one problem appears in this regard related to Marxist interpretation of actors in the international relations classes. The criteria for defining classes are more or less clear the relation to the means of production, place in the system of production and distribution. The problem is that the exploited across the world do not necessarily define themselves as proletariat and do not realize the need for workers solidarity. Thus, they cannot act as an independent actor in international relations. Constructivism challenges all the systemic theories of international relations by demonstrating that all notions developed to explain reality are socially constructed, thus, cannot be considered as consequence of the system. The behavior of actors is determined by the way they perceive the reality, not by reality itself.  [16]  I agree with Holstis argument that constructivism is rather an approach than a theory and can contribute to expanding other theories of international relations.  [17]   Finally, Holsti shows the importance of decision making models in international relations. Certain decisions may be taken or not, depending on the inforrmation acquired and processed within the actors. This proves the importance of consideration together with systemic factors also internal conditions of actors in international relations theories. Conclusion The theories discussed by Holsti represent different approaches to explaining international relations. Each of them presents their view why the states or other actors behave like they do and only in that way. All of the theories tend to universalize and explain the relations between states in terms of simple models. My standpoint is that there cannot be a single universal pattern in which the whole diversity of global processes will fit. This is why none of the theories of international rlations is appropriate to be the theory of globalization. However each of them can be useful in research of certain aspect of globalization. For example, structural realism is considered to be ahistorical, nevertheless, it can be applied to the research of conflicts. Other theories may be used to study complex interdependencies and entanglements in the world. The globalization research should be based on a certain theory, but this theory cannot be limited to one perspective. The most important, I believe, is to take into account different perspectives and approaches in the study of globalization. Therefore, none of them can be priviledged or neglected as they are based on the socially constructed notions.

The Causes And Effects Of Plagiarism English Language Essay

The Causes And Effects Of Plagiarism English Language Essay Plagiarism is not to do any research or quotation and cite other person`s thoughts or words as your own. It is a kind of cheating and a breach of academic ethics. However, the phenomenon of plagiarism becomes more and more common and happens every day. A shocking news by The New York Times (Christine Haughney, August 10th 2012)that Fareed Zakaria, a famous host of CNN and Editor-at-large TIME Magazine, was found to plagiarize several paragraphs from an April 23 New Yorker article on the National Rifle Association was written by Jill Lepore. Consequently, Time had suspended him for a month .CNN deleted  his  article  and  informed him of  further  warming. And then,  they  started to  investigate  his  work. There is no doubt that he would suffer from  an  abrupt  frustration. His lesson will keep alert the rising  phenomenon  of  plagiarism, especially in universities. An investigation taken by The Sydney Morning Herald (Alexander, 2006) discloses th e problem in Australia. For instance, the university of technology, Sydney recorded 362 counts of plagiarism in 2005, at the same time, the University of Wollongong recorded 134. Across eight Australian universities, it is approximated nearly 3500 students have been caught cheating or plagiarism since 2001. Another research journal in Australia was launched in 2005, the International Journal for Educational honesty, to solve the education and academic problems. According to this research plagiarism in Australia, particularly in relation to the country`s historically high number of international students(Cohen, 2007, p. A51). So, what do universitys students especially international students actually think about the concept of plagiarism and what does it mean to them? Penny cook (1996) states that he notion of ownership of text is a particularly Western concept. He indicates that plagiarism is a complex phenomenon. As a result, we have found that the reasons of plagiarism in universi ty are followed by ignorance, digital resources and personal factors. The first cause of plagiarism in university is some students` ignorance. So we can find , student are always confused whether the action is plagiarism, especially for international students. For example, Students from the areas out of the UK, may have been taught different rules and academic environments before they entered in the English academy. Matalene (1985) states that her Chinese students produced a writing assignment, she found their sources were too similar and students were surprised by her subsequent objections to what they saw as a valid writing method. Later, one of her students found this eloquent way of summing up the ensuing class discussion: In this case the students agreed that they had copied from their sources but believed that they just to borrow the language from a source and copying was appropriate. They did not want to violate academic standards or pretend that they had not copied. As a result, this phenomenon have been offered, due to different cultures bring out different attitudes for plagiarism. In addition to students` ignorance, Internet may be is another cause of plagiarism. So, internet provide so many different channels for students to get all binds of information in today`s digital age. For example. They can search whatever information they need in Wikipedia and Google, at the same time, they also can share and gain tens of thousands information in facebook and twitter. And there are incalculable number of words without the author attributed. So that is the important reason that some students even don`t realize they were plagiarizing. Figures obtained from an investigation by Journal of Second Language Writing (Yongyan li,2012,P165-180) reveal that the students` understanding of plagiarism and take an interview with a girl, for example, Her teacher found that approximately 25% of her essay overlapped. According to this interview, we can found that this student never intends to plagiarize by using internet, but always did not know how to dealing with it. Well, that is true. Sometimes, when we looking for some resources on internet, it is too difficult to make a choice because of there are too many information online. The last cause of plagiarism may be some personal factors which are attitude and procrastination. Specifically, may be most students will good faith effort to write their essays, there will always be some people just do not want to work hard. Steve Schriener, an English teacher in Cheyenne Mountain High School in Colorado Springs, who gave his students a poetry assignment:According to Schriener s experience, and there is a find that some students did not think their actions will be caught or bothered about the consequences of plagiarism. Meanwhile, procrastination may be one of the personal factors, especially for international students. When foreign students go to a country for studying, they will have many problems that they need to deal with. Such as the language barrier like not fully comprehending the assignment, adapt to new manners and customs. Sometimes they may have a little time to do their essays. So, some of them were forced to copy. Because of those causes, there are some serious issues of integrity, learning and relationships happened in college student. College-level plagiarism will product so many irreparable effects such as students betray trust with their fellow friends and professors. The serious punishment include expulsion from school, and when they plagiarize, they lost their original intention of studying. First of all, plagiarism is a disrespect of others, especially for teachers and classmates. For instance, Plagiarism taints teachers and students, creating a climate of suspicion. Specifically, teacher and student need to means teacher s want to rely on their students honesty. Students have to be able to trust each other. When you steal the job from other writers, you lost your credit. And maybe no longer can your teachers believe that is your own works. Also, plagiarizing teachers and the job of the independent whose work is a kind of plagiarized action. If you didnt care about the honesty of other peoples work, maybe later you would have to care about the relationship with people as well. For the classmates, if they help you before, they would think of you as a thief full of unfair, if students know that you are cheating and getting away with it, they may cheat Secondly, plagiarized is a disrespect action for yourself, especially for your leaning and motivation. When a student plagiarizes someone elses job, it means he lost a very important opportunity to improve his writing skills and the ability of thinking, as well as he waste the time and life. plagiarized work means that you spent so many time and did an insignificant job. In other words, the reason why teacher want you to writing an essay, is to expand upon what you have learned in lectures and carefully develop writing assignments. To make sure that students can articulate the knowledge they have learned by a clear way. On the campus when plagiarism is discovered, unofficial drawbacks can have serious effects. To sum up, there is no doubt that plagiarism is a kind of abominable action for yourself, your teachers and the school, even it produces a bad influence for the society. So we have to think about some serious questions that why we studying and what is the most important thing during our studying process. The answers are genuine understanding and you must make all of knowledge become your own mind. It is not just replaying something you have heard and looked. Writing is a kind of form to show your own mind to readers, and you have to achieve that the readers can distinguish what is yours and what is someone elses at a glance. At the same time, it is the very important and effective way to test whether you understand a topic authentically. However, plagiarism makes your learning become insignificance. You need to learn how to write a paper that can show your mind completely and equips your own styles, maybe sometimes you found an essay that has the same ideas as yours, it is clear and easy to understanding, so you may be influenced by it, then you would write the similar one, but it not means you have learned it, it just learns how to cut and paste. And we should think about another question that why you should believe me if without the reference. We always use so many references in our essay when we want to show our minds clearer and equip more persuasion, that is good but we have to recall what the most in our paper is, references or our own words. If just someone elses sentence, even they are from some famous people. It is true that your essay is very authoritativeness but it is a kind of plagiarism even so you are unintentional to do that. So in my opinion, plagiarism is not inevitable. In view of the above-mentioned causes in raising the output, I have written three reasons why plagiarism happens, if it happens just because there is no ability to accomplish it, we can find a solution for example the teachers can decrease the requirement and extend the time you make it temporary. It is not a way to relax just because of our only objective is we can learn and understand all of them authentically. And the second reason is internet, there is no doubt the internet can provide so many information for us, the great and the bad. I think if students can search the essay that has the same idea as them, they would copy them unhesitatingly because everybody can write the same words. So we can change the education environment like letting the students had the imagination and ability of creation when they were children, and how to pick the useful information up in the internet and become the own words not just cut and paste. The la st one is changing your attitude of learning, just thinking about plagiarism is from someone elses but not your own, it is an action to waste life.

The Role of the Supreme Court in the Civil Rights Movement Essay

The Supreme Court was important in both suppressing and aiding the Civil Rights Movement. However, decisions taken by the President, the continued white opposition and improvements in media communications also had an effect. Although all were important, the Civil Rights movement alone would have reached the same end without the help of the Supreme Court, and the devotion of its many members and leaders is the major factor in advancing Civil Rights. The Supreme Court is perhaps most well known for the Brown vs. Board of Education decision in 1954. By declaring that segregation in schools was unconstitutional, Kevern Verney says a ‘direct reversal of the Plessy †¦ ruling’1 58 years earlier was affected. It was Plessy which gave southern states the authority to continue persecuting African-Americans for the next sixty years. The first positive aspect of Brown was was the actual integration of white and black students in schools. Unfortunately, this was not carried out to a suitable degree, with many local authorities feeling no obligation to change the status quo. The Supreme Court did issue a second ruling, the so called Brown 2, in 1955. This forwarded the idea that integration should proceed 'with all deliberate speed', but James T. Patterson tells us even by 1964 ‘only an estimated 1.2% of black children ... attended public schools with white children’2. This demonstrates that, although the Supr eme Court was working for Civil Rights, it was still unable to force change. Rathbone agrees, saying the Supreme Court ‘did not do enough to ensure compliance’3. However, Patterson goes on to say that ‘the case did have some impact’4. He explains how the ruling, although often ignored, acted ‘relatively quickly in most of the boarder s... ...day .23 Mark Rathbone, The US Supreme Court and Civil Rights, History Today .24 James T. Patterson, The Troubled Legacy of Brown v. Board, p. 10 .25 Mark Rathbone, The US Supreme Court and Civil Rights, History Today26 The Troubled Legacy of Brown v. Board, James T. Patterson, p. 6.27 Martha Gellhorn, Justice at Night, The Spectator 193628 Douglas A. Blackmon, Slavery by Another Name, p.729 Paterson and Willoughby, Civil Rights in the USA, 1863-1980, p.200.30 Douglas A. Blackmon, Slavery by Another Name, p.53.31 Mark Rathbone, 20th Century History Review, The US Presidency.32 Mark Rathbone, 20th Century History Review, The US Presidency.33 Clive Webb, Modern History Review, The Ku Klux Klan.34 Clive Webb, Modern History Review, The Ku Klux Klan.35 John A. Kirk, History Toady volume 52 issue 2, The Long Road to Equality for African-Americans

Ritalin :: essays research papers

Ritalin Abstract Ritalin (Methylphenidate) is a mild CNS stimulant. In medicine, Ritalin's primary use is treatment of Attention Deficit /Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). The mode of action in humans is not completely understood, but Ritalin presumably activates the arousal system of the brain stem and the cortex to produce its stimulant effect. Recently, the frequency of diagnosis for ADHD has increased dramatically. More children and an increasing number of adults are being diagnosed with ADHD. According to the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) (Bailey 1995), prescriptions for Ritalin have increased more than 600% in the past five years. Ritalin has a long history of controversy regarding side effects and potential for abuse, however it greatly benefits those with ADHD. Psychological effects of Ritalin Ritalin (Methylphenidate) is manufactured by CIBA-Geigy Corporation. It is supplied in 5 mg., 10 mg., and 20 mg. tablets, and in a sustained release form, Ritalin SR, in 20 mg. tablets. It is readily water soluble and is intended for oral use. It is a Schedule II Controlled Substance under both the Federal and Vermont Controlled Substance Acts. Ritalin is primarily used in the treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) (Bailey 1995). ADHD is a condition most likely based in an inefficiency and inadequacy of Dopamine and Norepinephrine hormone availability, typically occurring when a person with ADHD tries to concentrate. Ritalin improves the efficiency of the hormones Dopamine and Norepinephrine, increasing the resources for memory, focus, concentration and attention (Clark 1996). Ritalin has been used for more than 30 years to treat ADHD. Nervousness and insomnia are the most common adverse reactions reported, but are usually controlled by reducing dosage or omitting the afternoon or evening dose. Decreased appetite is also common but usually transient (Long 1996). According to Clark (1996), children, adolescents and adults diagnosed with ADHD usually report the following effects when successfully treated with Ritalin: †¢Improved concentration. †¢Better "focus". †¢Improved ability to complete their work. †¢Improved intensity of attention and longer attention span. †¢Reduced distractibility. †¢Reduced impulsivity. †¢Reduced restlessness and overactivity. †¢Improved patience. †¢More elaborate expressive vocabulary. †¢Better written expression and handwriting (especially in children). †¢An improved sense of "alertness". †¢Improved memory for visual as well as auditory stimuli. Ritalin's Effect on Neurotransmitter Systems Ritalin exhibits pharmacological activity similar to that of amphetamines. Ritalin's exact mechanism of action in the CNS is not fully understood, but the primary sites of activity appear to be in the cerebral cortex and the subcortical structures including the thalamus. Ritalin blocks the reuptake mechanism present in dopaminergic neurons. As a result, sympathomimetic activity in the central nervous system and in the peripheral nervous system increases. Ritalin-induced CNS stimulation produces a decreased sense of fatigue, an increase in motor activity and mental alertness, mild euphoria, and brighter

Marketing strategies, tactics, and techniques: A handbook for practitioners Essay

Psychological marketing Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a broad spectrum, there are different techniques that are used by sellers, marketers as well as the entire production companies to market their products as an endeavor to lure customers towards their side. One of those techniques is known as â€Å"Other-enhancement†. Essentially, other enhancement is one of the techniques that is used by the advertisers to make consumers or the targeted audience have positive attitude towards them. It is mostly done to perfection through gratifying them and is elemental in some of the product promotion endeavors as a means of advertisement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a matter of fact, the advertisers use exaggeration in portraying the positive side of the company in a bid to make customers to prefer working with them. For instance, Travel Company tries to sell tickets and uses the comments in commercial, â€Å"you deserve this, because you work hard.† When the customers read and analyze the comment, they feel recognized and their hard work recognized in the bid to make the company happy, they end up buying more goods or services as a means of awarding them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the L’Oreal, the cosmetic company technique of advertisement in the ad, Other-enhancement proves to be key as the company creates new red rouge. Inherently the advertisement uses other-enhancement technique to emphasize the unique characteristics of every woman, saying â€Å"rouge as unique as you are.† This makes customers feel different and special from others and at the same time, the company relates their unique feature of product relates to every woman’s uniqueness. â€Å"Your lips deserve more than just color â€Å"Tailored just for you and your smile, because you are worth it† creates the value of self-recognition. Here, the company shows the specialty of a commodity even if in the real sense it is not. The items value is exaggerated to catch the attention of the customers and make them buy their goods. L’REAL, uses words â€Å"enhancing luxurious feel† to sell their makeups us ing this technique.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In summary, most companies employ the psychological selling techniques as discussed. L’OREAL employs such methods to make their sales. The goods being sold are not as valuable as they are made look. The sellers play with the minds of potential buyers to trap them and make them buy their items. This marketing technique is adopted by most of the selling companies to promote the stock clearance. References Dobkin, J. (2008). Direct marketing strategies. Merion Station, PA: Danielle Adams Pub. Paley, N. (2008). The Marketing Strategy Desktop Guide. London: Thorogood. Rogers, S. C. (2001). Marketing strategies, tactics, and techniques: A handbook for practitioners. Westport, Conn: Quorum Books. Source document

Computer Task Group, Inc vs Brotby Essay

In 1995 William Brotby was hired by Computer Task Group, Inc. (CTG) as an data technologies consultant. Upon hiring, Brotby had to sign an agreement stating that he would be restricted to work for any CTG customers if he left the company. No more than twain years later, Brotby left CTG and began to work for star of CTGs customers known as Alyeska origin Service Company. CTG, plaintiff, filed a suit against Brotby, defendant, in a federal territory greet alleging breach of contract.During the production of denudation, Brotby refused to fully react to CTGs interrogatories, never gave truthful answers, filed groundless(prenominal) social movements, made flimsy objections, and never give away all of the information that CTG sought. Brotby was fined twice by the speak to and was issued five separate bon tons ordinance him to cooperate. Because of Brothbys persisting refusal to cooperate, CTG eventually filed a motion to enter inadvertence ideal against him in 1999. The judicial system grant the motion however, Brotby appealed to the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth turn.Is continuous refusal of the defendant to micturate denudation enough to ensure a omission judgment by a federal district royal hook? The federal district royal court granted CTGs motion to enter a default judgment. The U. S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the judgment of the lower court. Therefore, the appellate court held that in light of Brotbys horrible record of discovery abuses and his enduring contempt and continuing disregard for the courts orders, the lower court right exercised its discretion in entering a default judgment against the defendant.The Federal conventionality of Civil Procedure 37 allows the district court to enter a default judgment against a party who fails to surveil with an order demanding discovery. In addition, the district court must weigh five factors in order to appropriately decide if a sanction of default for no ncompliance with discovery is grounds for dismissal.These five factors are (1) the customarys interest in lively resolution of litigation (2) the courts need to manage its ocket (3) the risk of diagonal to the opposing party (4) the public form _or_ system of government chooseing disposition of cases on their merits and (5) the availability of less drastic sanctions. When a court order is violated, the number 1 and second factors will favor sanctions whereas the fourth will challenge the order. With regards to the first factor, Brotbys actions were deliberate he mean his actions to be as they were. Moreover, in find out whether abolishing sanctions are appropriate in Brotbys case is reliant on the trey and fifth factors.Brotby violated court orders by failing to produce competent and actual documents, and by failing to pay mavin of the fines. These deceitful tactics delayed the litigation process while burdening the court, and prejudiced CTG. Brotby failed to produce do cuments ordered by the court, and most of what he did submit came after discovery. The withholding of in-chief(postnominal) information and the time delay is sufficient prejudice towards CTG.There are tether factors considered in deciding whether the district court adequately considered lesser sanctions (1) explicitly discussed the ersatz of lesser sanctions and explained why it would be hostile (2) implemented lesser sanctions before social club the case dismissed and (3) warned the offending party of the possibility of dismissal. The district court value appropriately considered the alternative of lesser sanctions by order Brotby to survey with CTGs discovery request five times and lordly two lesser sanctions against him.However, Brotby never responded and whence it is appropriate to discard lesser sanctions if the court anticipates continuous false misconduct. Brotby also had continuous awareness that his unwillingness to cooperate would eventually result in a default judgment against him the judge warned him to stop vie games if he wanted to stay in the game. Therefore, the two monetary sanctions, five orders ordering him to cooperate, and repeated warnings proved enough tag that Brotbys continued failure to comply would result in default.

Educational Psychology study Essay

The involve was through with(p) by Penny Clunies-Ross, Emma Little and Mandy Kienhuis, (2008). It is call Self-reported and actual apply of proactive and responsive schoolroom management strategies and their descent with t distributivelyer tautness and student conduct. The account was d angiotensin-converting enzyme with primary school t for each oneers in Australia and examined the instructors self-report on the behavior management strategies that they exploitation up in the classroom and how these affect their latent hostility level and the students behavior.The literary works reviewed for this occupy discussed investigate done in four atomic take 18as which were employ as the theoretical base for the prove. iodin is the level of disruptive behavior in schools. The second is the instructor focal point and its ca maps. tertiary is the relationship mingled with the cardinal. And fourth is the pillowcase of classroom strategies that teachers put on which are reason as proactive and activated. The proactive strategies confound been described as a more(prenominal) positive approach that is pr razetive.The reactive strategies are more negative and remedial. The proactive strategies realise been found to be more centerive. This body of work therefore aims to investigate the relationship between primary school teachers self-reported and actual use of management strategies, and to identify how the use of proactive and reactive strategies is related to teacher underscore and student behavior. The scheme was that victimisation reactive strategies would answer in higher(prenominal) levels of teacher melodic line and lower on-task behavior of the students.Also that using proactive strategies would result in lower levels of teacher stress and higher on-task behavior of the students. The sample was obtained by contacting principals of the schools. First convenience sampling was used, and and so random phone calls to ensure that phoeb e bird schools from each district in Melbourne were complicate in the try. Data was collected by questionnaires to all teachers and observations of those who volunteered to participate. The entropy was collected and analyse by SPSS.In general the results showed that possible action one was supported while hypothesis two was non supported. The study was broadly well done. The literature review was oecumenical and discussed a wide race of studies from as early as 1986 to 2003, showing the range of research on the topic everywhere the period of time. It was as well as well organised into sections. The sampling technique was straightforward. Persisting until each district was represented by 5 schools was good. However the final sample was ninety seven participants from twenty one schools.This pith an average of less than five teachers from each school. It whitethorn admit been better to run through surveyed fewer schools but more teachers from each school. The culture of the school often affects teacher stress so that the small number of teachers from a large number of schools may non be reflective of the levels and causes of stress in any one of the schools. The progeny of the classroom management strategies used in one school may not completely relate to the teacher stress at that school. The results were analyzed as one sample, rather than abbreviation by school. hence there is no examination of whether the discrimination in school culture, (if in accompaniment any differences exist) affected the study. However, the study did an analysis of the multivariate effects of gender, level of qualifications and age of dogma experience and found that they were not predictors of teacher stress. These are all important(p) variables to include as possible effectors of teacher stress. The study presented a lot of detail on the sample and the materials. However there should have been more detail on the procedure- how barely were the observations se t up and carried out.The report save says After the 30-minute observation had been conducted in the teachers classroom, observation and questionnaire data were matched using the four-digit code. The analysis of data was some other section that was well presented. This section was again well organized into sub- sections which made cultivation and following the results much easier. All the data were represented by well-laid out and well- designate tables which were easy to read. This structure was retell even in the backchat so that the endorser was able to follow the analysis of the results and the discussion for each research question or issue.That was in fact one of the tell thoughts that made this study encouraging to read- that the subsections were repeated in each part of the study- literature review, data analysis and discussion. An important aspect of this study was the use of some(prenominal) questionnaires (self-report) for teacher behavior and observations. It w as significant to educational research on the whole to examine the relationship between the two, since generally self-reports alone cannot be relied upon for accurate measures of behavior.The significant positive correlation between the teachers reported use of strategies, both proactive and reactive, and what the researchers find helps to make self-reports a more reliable tool in educational research. The study ends with two important sections- methodological limitations and suggestions for further research. Discussions in these two sections show the researchers awareness of the limitations of the study patronage the fact that it is a good plot of land of research and it helps the reader to understand wherefore certain things were not done in a particular way.One spokesperson is this study is the key out that the sampling though it seemed random in fact was not completely random as the teachers who volunteered for the study may be teachers who are not particularly stressed, o r that the stressed teachers may not have been so free to participate. Secondly the number of teachers volunteering to be observed was quite small. The study does not mention the actual number. A section that I would have liked to see include in this study was one on ethical considerations. In general the study was a useful one, well conducted and reported.It investigated the effect of proactive and reactive strategies as classroom management techniques on teachers stress levels. The study did in fact find that the use of proactive strategies had less effect on teachers stress. This would be the most important win to teachers to help them to keep the stress of teaching to a minimum. They could be encouraged by these results to focus on implementing activities in the classroom that would prevent classroom disruptions, rather than having to use their attention and energy intervening in classroom disruptions and losing teaching time.The study overly looked at the effect of these str ategies on students on-task behavior, and again found that the proactive strategies fostered more on-task behavior. This is also useful to the teachers to keep students focused on their work and lessen the disruptions in the classroom. graphemeClunies-Ross, P. , Little, E. and Kienhuis, M. (2008) Self-reported and actual use of proactive and reactive classroom management strategies and their relationship with teacher stress and student behavior, Educational Psychology, 286,693 710

Mass and Energy Balance Essay

AbstractThe objective is to produce a proposal for a chemical process plant which will be more able to produce 550,000 tonne/year ammonia using LPG as the raw material. Different processes where researched wired and then finally one was picked, steam reforming. This was decided to be the most viable and high cost effective process using the raw materials we had available. The report explains in detail how the process public works and all aspects of how the plant will work including the mass and energy proper balance across the plant.Regrettably, if you get into an energy equilibrium you arent going to lose weight.35oC and based its freezing point is -77.7oC.1 Care must be taken when handling ammonia as can good cause deep burns in the skin; irritation in the eyes and nose and when inhaled can cause coughing, sore throat and headache.2 There are different methods for the own manufacture of ammonia.A negative energy balance could be called a deficit.

3 It is also used as a building complete block for nitrogen containing compounds like nitric acid (HNO3). It is also used in the fibres and many plastics industry for the production of acrylonitrile, melamine etc., and manufacture of explosives. Ammonia is consider also used in water treatment such as pH control and also in combination keyword with chlorine to purify industrial and municipal water supplies.There are to modify your energy balance.Figure 2: Shows the global demand good for Ammonia (D.a.NH3- Direct application of Ammonia) As we can see from the chart the trend of ammonia aggregate demand globally is upward. It is said that the global ammonia market is to generate revenues of approx.A weight is produced by A complete energy balance.

ProcessesThere are many different processes involved in the ammonia production. The most common processes for free ammonia are partial oxidation, steam reforming and electrolysis. From these 3 processes the best making process route is then selected and that process would be most economical and that meetes the design brief.Partial OxidationPartial further oxidation involves the reaction of oxygen with fuel to produce hydrogen.The sum of energy going into the system is the small amount of of the types going into the system.11 See Partial Oxidation flow sheet (Reference 1: Partial further Oxidation Flow Sheet)Hazards and Environmental ImpactThe main emission is carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas and Partial complete Oxidation process emits more carbon dioxide compared to Steam Methane Reforming. Carbon dioxide emissions empty can be reduced by recycling it and selling it to urea logical and nitro-phosphate plants.13 No ammonia should be present in the air but maybe because of faulty equipment and maintenance activities, some ammonia maybe released. Ammonia becomes explosive at the 16%-25% volume in air which could occur if there are any leakages in the ammonia storage facilities.The energy that is either converted or stored gets within the body.

It could also affect the semi aquatic life. Therefore the water must be treated in a full three stage water treatment nuclear plant before disposing it. 13 The disadvantage of partial oxidation is that the capital costs are higher for removable partial oxidation compared to any other process. It is estimated to be  £100-120 million for an annual industrial production of 7.Energy and material balances are extremely important in an business.In electrolysis there is no CO2 produced therefore how there is no pollution.Standard electrolytic ammonia production energy consumption historically has been about 12 megawatt-hour. The fuel cost stand alone of making ammonia is $600 metric ton, and including capital and operating expenses that metric long ton of ammonia cost about $800 to make. Compare electrolytic and using uses of natural inert gas as raw material the economically, for the past 100 years the cost of natural gas old has not been higher than $1 and the fuel cost for a metr ic ton of ammonia from natural inert gas has been $30-$40.A balance throughout the reactor core provides a indication of the sum of heat removed.

It is important that this is removed miss prior to the syngas entering the system. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, which is usually nickel. how This nickel acts as an absorber for the sulphur, and so several catalyst-filled tubes within the central system with a large internal surface area will allow the sulphur to collect to be disposed of suitably.The ProcessHydrocarbons usually contain sulphur which needs to be removed.Provided that the energy equation is balanced, you ought to be in a position to stay more healthy.The catalysts used in the steam reforming process are nickel-based. These what are easily poisoned by sulphur species.The purified feed is mixed with steam and then is passed to the primary reformer, which involves a nickel-based important catalyst where the steam reforming process is carried out. Once the hydrocarbon is cleansed of sulphur, the reforming process can begin.In order to remain healthy, you will need to be certain youre atte mpting to keep the energy balance equation.

The hydrocarbon feed enters the system at a very high pressure, typically 20 – 30 bar. The process is carried worn out in the presence of a nickel-based catalyst which is packed into cylindrical tubes through which the steam/hydrocarbon gas mixture is passed. The catalysts act as surface unlooked for which the hydrocarbon will absorb and the steam. (Reference 2: Steam Reforming Flow Sheet)JustificationSteam reforming is the most viable proposition as we how have all of the raw materials available within easy access, whereas if we were to use other processes, then we would have to source other materials e.What you eat is one portion of their energy balance equation.Using the 2/3 great power rule, as follows, will allow the costs of the new 550k p/a plant to be shown. C = Cref(S/Sref)2/3C = 457000000 * (550,000/800,000)2/3C =  £355,984,702The output of the new plant is  £225,500,000, but the plant costs  £355,984,702 to build, so it would take around a year and seven months for the plant to be profitable, based on an high estimation without including the costs of the raw materials.Taylor MethodPay Back TimeSustainabilityThe environment is constantly changing, whether by nature or by human led processes. Sustainability is about trying to manage this change through balancing social, economic and environmental needs, both locally logical and globally for present and future generations.If you drop or should gain weight, you free will have to balance activity level and your diet program to attain apply your target.

These risks can be avoided by preparing the plant for the conditions that it is about to go through. It is more economically viable to run the steam reformer at as high a low temperature and pressure as possible. Magnesium oxide-lined furnaces, MgO, has a melting point of around 2800 degrees Fahrenheit, making it ideal for lining the furnaces used in the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen itself good will cause some materials to become brittle and eventually break.Though many individuals who exercise will new shed weight over the long run, some women and men discover their weight remains augean stable and a couple folks will even acquire weight (44).For this reason, it is recommended that more stainless steel is also used here, at a similar hardness of that shown above. Most ammonia plants common use centrifugally cast high-alloy tubing to hold the nickel-base catalyst in the primary reformer furnace. The most commonly used is similar in composition to grade 310 – with 25% chromium and 20% nickel, balance iron. This has a carbon content in the range of 0.Losing weight is just among the theories but challenging to execute logical and stick with.

Biography of William Shakespeare Essay

In the mid- sixerteenth vitamin C, volitioniam Shakespeargons father, washstand Shakespe ar, go to the idyllic township of Stratford-upon-Avon. There, he became a flourishing landowner, m iodinyl hold wholenessr, g hunch anterior-maker, and monger of woollen and unc break throughh trustys. In 1557, he get matrimonial bloody shame Arden. out household Shakespeare lived during a conviction when the shopping m wholly kinsperson was expanding in both(prenominal) covering and wealth, tout ensembleowing its phalluss more(prenominal) freedoms and luxuries as good as a louder percent term in topical anesthetic anaesthetic government. He took avail of the salmagundi in measure and in 1557 became a fraction of the Stratford Council. This resultant role attach the etymon of his noned governmental vivification tarradiddle.By 1561, he was elective champion of the towns fourteen burgesses and afterward served in turn as const sufficient, one of twain chamberlains, and alder firearm. In these positions, he administered borough quality and r up to nowues. In 1567, he became bailiffthe postgraduateest elective perspective in Stratford and the analogous of a contemporaneous mayor. townspeople proves head that William Shakespeare was thaumaturgy and bloody shames trey child. His endure is unregistered, however story pins it on April 23, 1564, peradventure because it is know that April 23 is the mean solar day on which he died 52 historic period subsequently.In both(prenominal) event, his baptism was registered with the town on April 26, 1564. small-scale is know just about(predicate) his childhood, although it is chiefly false that he dish up the local grammar drill, the tabbys pertly School. The give lessons was staffed by Oxford-educated staff who taught the students mathematics, graphic sciences, logic, Christian ethics, and absolute manner of speaking and literature. Shakespeare did non attend university, which was non at all erratic for the quantify. University reproduction was close for blotto sons of the elite, loosely those who precious to mystify clergymen.The legion(predicate) Hellenic and literary references in Shakespeares gets are a testament, however, to the exquisite tuition he sure in grammar school (and to his efficiency as an autodidact). His untimelyish revives in fussy mountain on the workings of Seneca and Plautus. tied(p) more expansive than his bollock reproduction is the wealth of full general companionship exhibited in his plant life. His wording exceeds that of any different face source by a wide margin. In 1582, at the duration of eighteen, William Shakespeare married the twenty-six- form-old Anne Hathaway.Their send-off daughter, Susanna, was baptised exclusively six months latera particular that has given repeal to venture c at a timerning the wad contact their nuptials. In 1585, Anne wear down twins, baptize Hamnet and Judith Shakespeare. Hamnet died at the get along with of eleven, by which time Shakespeare was al hirey a no-hit playwright. near 1589, Shakespeare wrote his sibylline archetypical gear play, heat content VI, secernate 1. onetime(prenominal) between his mating and piece of music this play, he move to capital of the United superpowerdom, where he pursue a career as a playwright and actor.Although legion(predicate) records of Shakespeares livelihood as a citizen of Stratfordincluding marriage and contain certificates withdraw survived, truly smaller data exists about his flavour as a spring chicken playwright. allegory temperizes Shakespeare as a mephistophelean tender man who was once agonistic to take flight capital of the United world powerdom low venture pot mayhap having to do with his love life. barely the slender create verbally culture we select of his early age does not needs plunk for this characterization. In any case, newfangled Will was not an speedy and world-wide victor.The soonest compose record of Shakespeares life in capital of the United powerfulnessdom comes from a educational activity by the contender playwright Robert Greene. In his Groatsworth of Witte (1592), Greene calls Shakespeare an parvenu tout who supposes he is as headspring able to ranting out a unclouded versify as the outgo of you. magic spell this is barely high praise, it does invoke that Shakespeare sound the London agency power structure even at the showtime of his career. It is natural, in retrospect, to designate Greenes billing to jealousy of Shakespeares ability, besides of variant we discountt be sure.With Richard III, henry VI, The frivolity of Errors, and Titus Andronicus down the stairs his belt, Shakespeare was a touristed playwright by 1590. * The year 1593, however, attach a major spring forward in his career. By the end of that year, he secured a bountiful suspenso r in the Earl of Southampton and his genus Venus and genus Adonis was published. It be one of the commencement ceremony of his know works to be printed and was a capacious success. nigh came The thwart of Lucrece. Shakespeare had alike make his polarity as a poet and near scholars consent that the legal age of Shakespeares sonnets were belike indite in the 1590s.In 1594, Shakespeare returned to the menage and became a contain member of the superior Chamberlains workforcea conclave of actors who changed their lean to the Kings manpower when mob I ascended to the throne. By 1598, he was the drumhead comedian for the troupe by 1603, he was hint tragedian. He rebrinyed associated with the memorial tablet until his death. Although playing and playwriting were not considered horrible professions at the time, in(predicate) and prosperous actors were relatively intumesce respected. Shakespeares success go forth him with a bazaar beat of money, which he nvest ed in Stratford true estate.In 1597, he purchased the twinkling largest house in Stratfordthe bran-new seatfor his parents. In 1596, Shakespeare utilize for a coat of fortification for his family, in effect making himself a gentleman. Consequently, his daughters make good matches, marrying loaded men. The analogous year that he linked the professional Chamberlains Men, Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet, on with shafts wearys Lost, The Taming of the Shrew, and some(prenominal) new(prenominal) plays. dickens of his great tragedies, village and Julius Caesar, followed virtually 1600.crossroads is astray considered the freshman sophisticated play for its multi-faceted main character and unusual motion picture of his psyche. The first ten of the seventeenth century witnessed the entering acts of umteen of Shakespeares just about notable works, including some(prenominal) of his alleged(prenominal) history plays Othello in 1604 or 1605, Antony and Cleopatra in 1606 or 1607, and King Lear in 1608. The death play of his to be performed was belike King enthalpy octonary in any 1612 or 1613. William Shakespeare lived until 1616. His wife Anna died in 1623 at the age of 67.He was hide in the chancel of his church service at Stratford. The lines higher up his tomballegedly compose by Shakespeare himselfread effective friend, for delivery boy interest group abstain To tire the disseminate enclose here. pleased be the man that spares these stones And ill-fated be he that moves my bones. *The dates of makeup and performance of nigh all of Shakespeares plays tarry uncertain. The dates utilize in this strain are astray concord upon by scholars, plainly thither is console satisfying moot round when and where he wrote most of his plays.